腰椎管内椎间盘游离髓核的MRI诊断
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时间:2009-02-03 17:09:38 来源: 作者: |
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MRI diagnosis of intervertebral disc free pulpiform nucleus in intraspinal lumbar
HUANG Zu-ping, LI Qiu-yun. Department of Radiology ,The Second People’s hospital of Hunan, Changsha 410007,China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the MRI findings and diagnosticvalue of lumbar intraspinal intervertebral disc free pulpiform nucleus. Methods MRI findings of 28 cases with free pulpiform nucleus proved by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the all cases, the free pulpiform nucleus located at extradural foreside. 5 cases dissociated upon in spinal, 19 cases moved down and 4 cases removed backwards. Of 28 patients, 14 cases inhabited right and 10 cases left and 4 cases midline. The free pulpiform nucleus had the same equal or low signal with provided intervertebral disc,5 cases with flecky calcification showed lower signal. They had round shape,or oval or anormaly form. Among these 5 cases there were injected GD-DTPA with no enhancement in the center ,but mild and high enhancement at periphery.Conclusion Correct scan technique can exactly show lumbar intervertebral disc free pulpiform nucleus intraspinal.MRI should be the first choice for diagnosis.
[Key words] free pulpiform nucleus; magnetic resonance imaging
椎间盘游离髓核是腰推间盘突出的一种类型,患者有较严重的症状和体征,常需要手术治疗。笔者搜集28例患者的MRI资料,并复习文献资料分析。
材料方法
28例中男20例,女8例,年龄31~29岁,平均46岁。28例均行手术后病理证实。病程3天至12年,平均3.5年。临床症状主要有腰腿痛,下肢麻木,下肢肌肉痉挛等,6例行走困难。体查直腿抬高试验<45°,跟腱反射消失等。
使用SIEMES NOVUS 1.5T高场强磁共振成像系统,体部线圈。常规行矢状面、横轴面扫描,扫描序列及参数为:矢状面T1WI TSE TR 600ms,TE 15ms;矢状位T2WI TR 4000ms, TE 115ms; 矢状面脂肪抑制(Tir) TR 4100ms, TE 100ms;矢状面FOV均为30×38, 层厚4mm,层间距0.4mm,矩阵280×512,激励3次。横轴面T2WI FSE TR4500 ms,TE105ms,FOV23×35,层厚4mm, 层间距0.4mm,矩阵180×512,病灶连续扫描3~5层,激励3次。本组共有5例行GD-DTPA对比剂增强扫描,参数同平扫外,均辅以冠状位扫描。
结 果
1.供体椎间盘部位及髓核游走方向 28例腰椎管内游离髓核均游走于硬膜外间隙前部。L5~S1间盘8例,向下游走7例,向后水平游走1例。L4-5间盘13例,向上游走(图1)4例,向下游走(图2)8例,向后水平游走1例。L3-4间盘5例,向上游走1例,向下游走(图3)3例,向后水平游走1例。L2-3、L1-2间盘各1例,分别向下、向后水平游走。根据张玉祥[1]硬膜囊外间隙解剖分区,28例游离髓核中14例占据右隔区,其中7例压迫中线隔及后纵韧带;10例占据左隔区(图4),共中6例压迫中线隔、后纵韧带。位于中线隔区4例。
2.主要MR1征像 (1).矢状面T1WI:13例游离髓核与供体椎间盘髓核呈等信号,15例呈稍低信号,均较脊髓信号低,较后纵韧带信号略高。25例有后纵韧带、硬膜囊向后受压移位,游离髓核上/下极呈尾状与椎体分离成夹角;3例后纵韧带断裂,其中1例见后纵韧带受压前移(图3)。(2).矢状面T2WI:游离髓核比供体椎间盘髓核信号低(20例)或相等(8例),其中5例见点状钙化更低信号影;后纵韧带表现后移(图1)或中断(图2)。(3).矢状面抑脂T2WI:与供体椎间盘髓核比较,20例为等信号,其中5例见点状低信号;6例为稍高信号;2例为中等高信号。(4).横轴面T2WI:游离髓核均为低信号及等信号,边缘光整,硬膜囊以及马尾神经根爱压,位于左右隔区的髓核不同程度推移中线隔受压、移位。(5).游离髓核的形状:矢状面观察呈卵圆形(图2)19例,圆形(图1)2例,片带状不规则形(图3)7例。横轴面呈卵圆形20例,圆形8例。(6).相关伴随征象:14例椎间隙变窄,其中6例椎间隙前后均窄,8例为后缘变窄。2例供体椎间盘髓核未见脱水、变性,余26例均脱水、变性,较正常信号减低。2例伴有终板变性,1例有许莫氏结节。(7).增强扫描:常规剂量GD-DTPA对比剂注射后扫描,5例病灶边缘均呈环形强化,病灶中心部分无强化(图4)。
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