To give a definition the place and function of perforation vein lower limbs with ascending venography
NI Lianghong,GUO Jinsong,TANG Junjian.Department of Vascular Surgery , Huaibei Mineral General Hospital, Anhui 235000,China
[Abstract] Objective To assess the value of the accuracy location and function of concomitant veins in lower limbs with ascending venography. Methods A total of 134 patients (157 extremities) were investigated by ascending venography of the lower limbs.Results 43 extremities with insufficiency of perforation vein in lower limbs (27.4%),26 extremities with one; 17 extremities with two and more .37 extremities located inboard calf, 18 extremities located outboard calf ,9 extremities located inboard thigh. 12 extremities with insufficiency of perforation vein in 22 patients with lower limbs venous ulcer. The ruler can give definition located the place perforation vein.Conclusion Ascending venography were a practical and reliable mean in definiting the place and function in perforation vein.
[Key words] ascending venography;perforation vein
下肢静脉造影是有创性检查,是诊断下肢静脉病变安全而可靠的方法[1]。临床需要明确下肢交通支静脉功能情况和具体位置,顺行静脉造影有其独到方面。我院2003年10月~2006年11月对134例157侧下肢行静脉造影,并分析其交通支位置和功能情况,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择2003年10月~2006年11月我院收治的共157例,男98例,女36例,年龄26~74岁,平均46岁。主要临床症状为下肢浅静脉曲张118例141侧肢体,下肢溃疡22侧肢体。
1.2 方法 术前常规碘皮试,一侧下肢运用76%泛影葡胺40 ml或双北50 ml,加入肝素盐水10 ml和地塞米松5 mg。患肢放松,可平卧或头稍抬高,于足踝上方1~2 cm或在溃疡的下方扎止血带,以阻断浅静脉迫使造影剂经深静脉回流[2]。头皮针于足背静脉穿刺持续注入造影剂,于内踝处到胫骨内髁做标尺固定,以内踝为O点。在电视透视下,根据深静脉显影情况,依次分段摄片。在踝上方摄片需动态观察有无浅静脉或交通支显影,并在小腿深静脉显影完全后摄片,必要时需加摄侧位相。造影结束后需再推肝素盐水20 ml,并抬高肢体。
2 结果
134侧肢体患者157侧下肢造影,有下肢交通支静脉功能不全43侧肢体,占27.4%。表现为小腿交通支静脉提前显影,自深静脉流向浅静脉,使浅静脉显影,病变累及1支26侧肢体(16.6%),2支或2支以上17侧肢体(10.8%),位于小腿内侧37侧肢体(23.6%),小腿外侧18侧肢体(11.5%),大腿9侧肢体(5.7%)。下肢溃疡22侧肢体有功能不全交通支12侧肢体(54.5%)。交通支静脉联结于深静脉主干34侧肢体,来源于小腿静脉丛交通支9侧肢体。标尺均能清晰标记出交通支在纵向的位置,如果来源于深静脉小腿静脉丛加摄侧位片,加上临床表现能够较好判定交通支位置。
3 讨论
下肢静脉返流性疾病约占下肢静脉疾病70%,交通支静脉的正常功能是将浅静脉系统的血液引流向深静脉系统,其瓣膜阻止深静脉血返流致浅静脉。小腿交通支很多,但临床较重要的交通支静脉不过三四支:Boyd交通静脉(膝下10 cm);Cockett Ⅲ交通静脉(踝上18 cm);CockettⅡ交通静脉(内踝上12 cm);CockettⅠ交通静脉(内踝上6 cm)[3]。以内踝与外踝交通支静脉最为重要,交通支功能不全下肢血液流向腔浅静脉的异常逆流引起小腿静脉淤血,局部微循环改变,血细胞附着血管和渗出,导致皮肤营养障碍出现久治不愈的溃疡,此时交通支静脉功能不全对足靴区的皮损害特别明显[4]。引起的临床表现与单纯浅静脉瓣膜关闭不全相似(浅静脉曲张、活动后下肢乏力及沉重感)。临床判定深静脉和交通支功能主要依靠下肢静脉造影。超声检查假阳性的原因与浅静脉迂曲扩张有关,交通支静脉局部有较多的迂曲浅静脉或重叠影响检查结果。
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