【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the long.term results of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods From May 1994 to June 2004.a total of 216 patients with 275 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma whose diameter ≤ 5cm had undergone percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(193 men,23 women;mean age,54.68 years).Institute review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Complete tumor necrosis rates.1ong.term survival rates,recurrence rates and the complications of the patients were analvzed.
Results The mean follow-up period after microwave ablation was 40 months 4-24 (range.6~127 months).One hundred fifty. nine remained alive and consulted our hospital periodically as outpatients. seven patients died. Complete tumor necrosis Was seen in 95.64% (263/275)patients,1,2,3,4 and 5year cumulative survival rates were 94.87% ,88.81% ,8O.44% ,74.97% and 68.63%, respectively.1.2.3.4 and 5-year cumulative recurrence rates were 20.0l% . 32.04% , 39.57% . 44.97% and 52.90%.respectively. Three patients have severe complications,including needie track implantation in one patient,biliary fistula in two patients. One patient died of pulmonary infection one week after the treatment.
Condesion Sonographically-guided microwave coagulation therapy could make complete tumor necrosis in most case of early hepatocellular carcinoma with low incidence of complications and this method has satisfactory long-term curative effect.
【Key words】 Carcinoma;hepatoeellular; Microwave; Ablation; Liver neoplasms
肝癌是严重威胁我国人民生命的常见恶性肿瘤[1],目前手术切除被认为是治疗肝癌的首选方法,然而大部分患者由于严重的肝硬化、多发病灶位于不同的叶段、病灶靠近大血管等原因不能接受手术治疗。因此发展微创而有效的治疗方法是十分必要的。局部热消融技术作为一种微创的肝肿瘤治疗方法,近十年来在国内外发展迅速,已逐渐成为肝癌非手术治疗中的一种常用手段[2~5]。1994年以来,解放军总医院超声科治疗直径小于5cm的肝癌216例的275个结节,并对其进行了长期随访,旨在分析其远期疗效。
对象与方法
一、对象
1.入选标准:本组早期肝癌经皮微波消融治疗的人选标准为:(1)单发结节肿瘤直径≤5cm,多发结节肿瘤数目≤3枚,最大直径≤3.0cm;(2)肝功Child分级在A级或B级;(3)无门静脉癌栓或其他部位的转移;(4)凝血功能:血小板≥4.0×10/L、凝血酶原时间≤25S、活动度≥40%;(5)每例患者至少有一个病灶有明确的肝细胞肝癌的病理组织学诊断;(6)有合适的经皮穿刺进针入路。所有患者治疗前签署知情同意书。
2.患者一般情况:1994年5月至2004年6月解放军总医院超声科经皮微波消融共治疗408例肝细胞肝癌患者,并随访至2004年12月,其中直径≤5.0cm的患者216例275个结节,男性193例,女性23例,平均年龄55岁±11岁(25~81岁)。单发结节172例,占79.6% ,194/216(89.81%)的患者合并有肝硬化。216例患者中121例(56%)血AFP升高。
二、方法
1.仪器设备:(1)微波仪:使用UMC-I超声引导微波仪(航空工业公司207所和中国人民解放军总医院联合研制),微波频率2450MHz,输出功率范围10~80w连续可调,系统配备了低损耗电缆和表面涂层的微波消融器(直径1.4mm)以防组织粘连。超声引导下定位肿瘤,14G微波引导针穿刺肿瘤预定部位,拔出针芯后导人微波天线,按预定的能量辐射,辐射作用停止后将微波天线和引导针同时退出,完成治疗。(2)超声仪:Acuson 128和Sequoia512(德国西门子公司Acuson),凸阵变频探头,探频率3.5~5.0MHz,并配有相应的穿刺导向固定支架。
2.疗效评估:近期疗效评价采用肿瘤完全坏死率,以增强CT或MRI消融区无强化为肿瘤完全性坏死的标准,辅以彩色多普勒超声和超声造影检查。远期疗效则采用远期累计1、3、5年生存率和复发率评判。
3.统计学分析:采用 χ±s表示患者的平均年龄和肿瘤的大小。采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算累计生存率和复发率。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
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