【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the color Doppler ultrasonic examination characteristics and the clinical value in fetal genitourinary malformations. Methods We applied color Doppler ultrasound to detect the malformations of fetus and neonates. Results 25 cases of fetal genitourinary malformations were detected by color Doppler ultrasound,including 1 case of renal agenesis (unilateral agenesis of kidney),2 renal dysplasia,9 hydronephrosis,11 polycystic kidney disease,2 transverse vaginal septum.20 cases were examined by chromosomal check. There were 8 cases having chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound examination is useful to detect genitourinary malformations of fetal and neonate and may provide many valuable evidences for clinical work. It also may guide treatment for postnatal.
【Key words】 color Doppler ultrasound; fetal genitourinary malformation; diagnosis
泌尿生殖系统是先天性畸形发生率较高的系统之一。随着彩色多普勒超声的广泛应用,仪器功能的增强,分辨率的进一步提高,明显增加了胎儿泌尿生殖系统畸形的检出率。笔者对近年来在本院超声发现的25例胎儿泌尿生殖系统畸形进行分析研究,旨在探索超声诊断胎儿泌尿生殖系统畸形的声像图特征,以探讨超声对胎儿泌尿生殖系统畸形的诊断价值。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 1996年5月~2005年5月在我院进行产前检查及住院分娩的孕妇共计7215例,孕19~40周。年龄21~43岁,平均25.3岁。均为健康孕妇,孕期无感染史、无服药史,孕前和孕期未接触过放射线。
1.2 仪器与方法 使用B&k2102彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率2~3.5MHz,孕妇取仰卧位,对胎儿各系统器官进行全面检查及测量。行胎儿常规超声检查后,在胎儿腰部脊柱两侧分别纵向显示胎儿两侧肾脏纵面观,然后原位旋转探头90°显示胎儿肾脏短轴切面,测量肾脏大小,观察其形态、肾脏结构及回声特点,并同时观察胎儿膀胱大小及充盈状态,正常胎儿肾脏结构在妊娠20 周后可清楚显示,肾脏大小随孕周增加而增大。发现异常者进行摄片记录,以备与产后新生儿对照检查或病理解剖对照。
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