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Three－dimensional Anatomical Evaluation of Bronchial Artery with CT Angiography
于红 李惠民 肖湘生 刘士远 李成洲 陶晓峰
作者单位：200003 上海第二军医大学长征医院影像科
Yu Hong，Li Hui－min，Xiao Xiang－sheng，Liu Shi－yuan，Li Cheng－zhou，TaoXiao－feng. Department of Imageology，Changzheng hospital，the Second Military Medical University，Shanghai 200003
Abstract
Objective：To evaluate the ability of CT angiography to identify and demonstrate the origins and courses of bronchial arteries，using the three－dimensional reformation technique.
Methods：443 cases were examined with thin－section enhanced MSCT. Three–dimensional images of bronchial arteries were processed at the workstation. Spatial anatomical characters of the bronchial arteries using volume rendering（VR）and multiplanar reconstruction（MPR）or maxium intensity projection（MIP）were observed.
Results：In all，359 cases were evaluated for at least one bronchial artery was displayed clearly in VR. The right bronchial arteries mainly appeared to be originating on the right intercostal artery（48.85％）and descending aorta（47.48％），while the left bronchial arteries on the descending aorta （97.84％）. The right bronchial arteries of the descending aorta were mainly arised from right wall（45.89％），and then the anterior wall（42.51％），while the left bronchial arteries of the descending aorta mainly arised from anterior wall of the aorta（74.93％），the common trunk originated from the descending aorta and mainly positioned anterior too（74.03％）. There were eleven bronchial arteries distribution patterns，with the right and left ones predominating （53.48％），and then right two and left one（17.55％）.49.31％ of the right bronchial arteries were coursing across the posterior edge of the right main bronchi，35.55％ coursing the inferior edge，while 60.11％ of left bronchial arteries coursing forward across the superior edger of the left main bronchi，the others coursing inferior edge or the posterior edge.
Conclusion：The bronchial artery anatomy were complicated，and CT angiography could visualized the features clearly.
Keywords：Bronchial artery；CT angiography；Anatomy
BA是支气管和肺的营养血管，但不同个体中BA的起始部位、数目、走行存在着较大差异[1～2]。既往的BA解剖学研究主要是尸体解剖[3～5]，活体研究主要是DSA造影[6～8]，其固有的局限性如创伤性、缺乏三维表现以及高费用等限制了其应用。CT血管造影（CTA）原理上与DSA一致，是通过引入阳性造影剂形成对比，从而获得血管影像，具有同样高的特异性。近年CTA用于BA的研究多局限于二维图像[9～10]，三维重建极少且图像质量较差[7～8]。多层CT尤其16层CT的发展为CTA的广泛应用铺平了道路，对BA解剖的进一步活体无创三维影像研究已经成为现实[11～13]。但目前为止文献报道仍然很少，大样本详细研究仍有其必要性。 | 
