CT diagnosis value of acute pancreatitis:a report of 88 cases
YOU Yongbo.CT Section,The Peoples Hospital of Hanshou,Hunan 415900,China
[Abstract] Objective To judge the value of CT in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.Methods 88 cases of acute severe pancreatitis comfirmed by operation,pathology and CT reexamination were reviewed.All patients underwent CT plain scanning,8 cases complemented with contrastenhanced scanning. Results According to CT findings,they were divided into edematous type (n=46) and necrotic type (n=42).Forteen cases were complicated with infection.Swelling in 75 cases,exudation in 68 cases,necrosis in 42 cases,splenomegaly in 62 cases. Conclusion CT is valuable in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis , meanwhile,it is helpful to fix quantity,show complications and predict prognosis.
[Key words] pancreatitis;tomography,Xray computed
急性胰腺炎是胰消化酶被激活后对本器官自身及周围脏器产生消化作用而引起的炎性疾病,病情变化复杂,并发症多,死亡率较高,是较常见而严重的急腹症,仅根据临床症状及实验室检查30%~40%可遗漏,临床以急性上腹痛、恶心、呕吐、发热、白细胞增多及血清胰酶增高为特点,CT检查不仅可以准确诊断急性胰腺炎,还能评估其严重程度、发现并发症、判断预后,甚至还能发现病因。现将我院2000年1月~2006年12月经手术和CT、超声检查及复查证实的88例急性胰腺炎的CT资料进行分析总结。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 本组患者88例,其中男63例,女25例,年龄23~76岁,平均38.5岁,发病年龄高峰25~54岁,临床均表现为急性上腹剧痛,血尿淀粉酶明显升高76例,占86.4%,24 h尿淀粉酶升至500~2000 u(苏氏),24~48 h尿淀粉酶升至500~1500 u,不升高者仅12例,占13.6%,12例有黄疸,15例腹穿有血性液,液体淀粉酶为1500~2000 u,21例经手术治疗,5例冲洗治疗,62例保守治疗。45例为水肿型,43例为坏死型,28例有明确嗜酒及暴饮暴食病史,8例死亡。
1.2 方法 所有患者均做超声检查。扫描设备为GE Hispeed Dual SYS# CT;对比剂为60%碘海醇(300 mgI/ml),患者采取常规仰卧位,范围以左膈顶平面至胰腺钩突下方,经肘静脉用高压注射器团注对比剂,注射流率为2~3 ml/s,注射量为1.5 ml/kg;管电压120 kV,电流120~200 mA,层距和层厚为5~10 mm,螺距0.75∶1,矩阵512×512;8例平扫加增强扫描。鉴于急性胰腺炎患者需禁食、禁水,故检查前不口服造影剂,另外,有学者认为含碘的造影剂可能会加重胰腺炎,故应尽量避免增强扫描。
2 结果
2.1 胰腺CT表现 (1)胰腺肿胀75例,占85.2%,胰腺体积增大,呈局限性或弥漫性(图1、图2);(2)胰腺坏死42例,占47.7%,为点状、斑片状及大片状低密度影(图3);(3)胰包膜改变68例,占77.3%,表现为包膜增厚、积液及掀起(图2);(4)胰管扩张14例,占15.9%;(5)出血5例,占5.7%,呈高密度灶改变。
2.2 胰周脏器、组织、并发症及伴发疾病CT表现 (1)脾脏肿大62例,占70.1%,脾脏体积可明显增大(图4);(2)左膈下脂肪浸润21例,占23.9%(图5、图6);(3)肾周受累58例,占65.9%,吉氏筋膜水肿、积液,呈密度增高的索条影(图1~3);(4)合并感染14例,占15.9%,为腹腔及腹膜后脓肿或蜂窝织炎,脓肿囊壁有强化,部分囊内可见气体影;(5)伴发胆系疾患26例,占29.5%,其中胆囊结石及胆囊炎16例,胆总管结石10例,胆囊及胆总管内可见高密度影,胆总管扩张,胆囊壁增厚、毛糙(图1、图6);(6)腹水8例,占9.1%,肝周见带状低密度影(图5)。
|