急性胰腺炎的螺旋CT诊断
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时间:2009-02-01 20:23:00 来源: 作者: |
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Spiral CT diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
REN Yong-xiang,OU Xie-le,XIE Zhi-jun,et al.Huicheng Hospital of Xinhui,Jiangmen 529141,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT findings in acute pancreatitis.Methods 40 cases with acute pancreatitis identified by clinics and CT findings were retrospectively reviewed. Results Clinical symptoms and physical signs in acute pancreatitis were pain and diffused haphalgesia in mid and upper abdomen, vomit , elevated blood and urine pancreatic enzyme and amylase as well. CT Findings were as follows : pancreas enlargement in 24 cases , focal and diffused hypodense in 39 cases , hemorrhage and necrosis of pancreas in 3 cases, peripancreatic effusion in 39 cases , prerenal fascia thickening in 39 cases , pleural effusion in 24 cases , with thrombosis in portal and SMV in 1 case . A case of pancreas head enlargement misdiagnosed for tumor,a case pancreatitis effusion was through superficial inguinal canal into scrotum.Conclusion Spiral CT examination can provide accurate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and act as a necessary method of differential diagnosis in acute abdomen as well.
[Key words] acute pancreatitis;spread means;tomography,spiral computed;diagnosis;acute abdomen;differential
随着人们生活方式的改变,急性胰腺炎有逐渐增多的趋势,特别此症病情发生发展非常急促,必须及时做出诊断,为临床提供可靠的治疗依据,以达到早期治愈的目的。国外早有报道CT具有重要诊断价值[1],本文旨在为患者进院提供快速诊断。收集我院几年来的病例,进行回顾性分析研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取我院2004年1月~2007年12月经临床、实验室检查及CT确诊的资料完整的急性胰腺炎病例40例,男18例,女22例,年龄最大80岁,最小19岁,平均35岁,与文献报道大致相符[2]。
1.2 检查方法 由于患者禁饮食及基层医院的特殊情况,CT扫描之前未做特别准备,扫描范围为T11~L2,5 mm层厚及层距,必要时扫描至盆腔,观察渗出液的蔓延范围,少数病例为了鉴别诊断做了增强扫描。
2 结果
临床症状和体征包括急性及弥漫性上腹疼痛、呕吐,均伴有血、尿胰酶及淀粉酶增高。CT影像学征象如下:胰腺体积增大24例;局限性及弥漫性密度减低39例(图1);胰体及尾部出血坏死3例;胰周间隙渗出39例;肾旁筋膜增厚及脾肾间隙模糊39例(图2),特别是左侧肾前筋膜均累及;少量胸腔积液24例(图3);出血性胰腺炎伴门脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓1例;炎性渗出物通过腹股沟管蔓延到阴囊1例;单纯胰头增大,误诊为胰头肿瘤1例;本组40例中合并胆石12例。
3 讨论
3.1 胰腺炎的发病原因分析 胰腺炎的发病原因文献及教科书均有叙述,如胆道结石、感染、胆道寄生虫及酗酒、创伤等。本组40例中有35例为中青年及部分老年患者,其中有20例均在发病前有暴饮暴食史,约占60%,特别原有胆结石,加之暴饮暴食更易导致急性胰腺炎发作。故笔者认为急性胰腺炎的重要诱发原因为胆石及暴饮暴食所致。
图1 早期胰腺炎、胰尾部局部密度减低,肾前筋膜增厚 图2 胰腺普遍性增大,弥漫性密度减低,胰腺管扩张,胰周大量渗出,伴肾旁筋膜增厚 图3 胰腺炎伴双侧胸腔少量渗出 图4 胰腺炎性渗出物经腹股沟管(气泡)进入阴囊 图5 胰体部见多个不规则高密度灶伴有少许低密度灶,门静脉高度扩张,内有均质卵圆形高密度影,为门静脉血栓,经造影及手术证实 图6 局限型胰头炎,平扫胰头肿大,卵圆形(大小37 mm×46 mm),密度均匀,边缘尚整齐,并有轻度均质强化,误诊为胰头癌,手术及病理证实为胰头炎
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